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2002 Abstracts

New Abstracts of interest from a MEDLINE search (colon OR colorectal) AND cancer. ENTERED next to an item means that item has been entered on the main pages of the website.

Last Updated: 3/29/02

  1. Chemotherapy
  2. Intraperitoneal Chemotherapy
  3. Surgery
  4. RF Ablation
  5. Theory
  6. Miscellaneous


Chemo

  • 3/16/02 Weekly Irinotecan in a Patient with Metastatic Colorectal Cancer on Hemodialysis due to Chronic Renal Failure Onkologie 2002 Feb;25(1):60-3 PMID: 11893885 BACKGROUND: The cytotoxic treatment of patients suffering from advanced or metastatic cancer undergoing hemodialysis due to chronic renal failure still remains a problem, since for those patients pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic data on most cytotoxic agents are lacking CONCLUSION: This case report demonstrates the feasibility and efficacy of a weekly treatment with dose-reduced CPT-11 in a patient with metastatic CRC on hemodialysis due to chronic renal failure

  • 3/29/02 Phase II Study of Capecitabine and Oxaliplatin in First- and Second-Line Treatment of Advanced or Metastatic Colorectal Cancer. PMID: 11919232 J Clin Oncol 2002 Apr 1;20(7):1759-66 PATIENTS AND METHODS: Forty-three nonpretreated patients and 26 patients who had experienced one fluoropyrimidine-containing regimen for advanced colorectal cancer were treated with oxaliplatin 130 mg/m(2) on day 1 and capecitabine 1,250 mg/m(2) bid on days 1 to 14 every 3 weeks. Patients with good performance status (World Health Organization grade 0 to 1) were accrued onto two nonrandomized parallel arms of a phase II study. RESULTS: The objective response rate was 49% (95% confidence interval [CI], 33% to 65%) for nonpretreated and 15% (95% CI, 4% to 35%) for pretreated patients

    Intraperitoneal Chemotherapy

  • 3/24/02 Review of a personal experience in the management of carcinomatosis and sarcomatosis Jpn J Clin Oncol 2001 Dec;31(12):573-83 PMID: 11902487 CONCLUSIONS: Oncologists must accept responsibility for knowledgeable management of peritoneal surface dissemination of cancer because a curative approach has been demonstrated in large phase II studies and all historical controls show 0% long-term survival. Adjuvant phase III studies with perioperative intraperitoneal chemotherapy in diseases where peritoneal surface spread occurs are indicated.

  • 3/24/02 Rationale and techniques of intra-operative hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy. Cancer Treat Rev 2001 Dec;27(6):365-74 PMID: 11908929 Background: In recent years surgical cytoreduction followed by intra-operative hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) was introduced as treatment modality in patients with peritoneal surface malignancy. In the current review the rational for this approach, the prerequisites and the different techniques used are discussed. Methods: A literature search through PubMed was performed. Results: Pharmacokinetic studies have shown an important dose advantage for intraperitoneal versus intravenous application. Hyperthermia enhances the penetration of cytostatic drugs into tumour tissue and also shows synergism with various cytostatic drugs. The penetration depth of drugs into tissue is limited, therefore HIPEC can only be effective in patients with minimal residual disease after (aggressive) surgery. HIPEC can be conducted in various ways, without clear proven advantage of one method over the others

    Surgery

  • 3/22/02 Resecting large numbers of hepatic colorectal metastases. ANZ J Surg 2002 Jan;72(1):5-10 PMID: 11906415 . The survival rate of patients undergoing resection of four to seven metastases (n=22; 5 year survival=39%) was not significantly different to that of patients undergoing resection of one to three metastases (n=91; 5 year survival=30%), P=0.9. Age, sex, primary cancer site, hepatic disease distribution, resection margins and adjuvant hepatic arterial chemotherapy (HAC) did not affect survival.

    RF Ablation

    Theory

  • 3/24/02 Leukocyte recruitment in colon cancer: Role of cell adhesion molecules, nitric oxide, and transforming growth factor beta1 Gastroenterology 2002 Apr;122(4):1122-1132 PMID: 11910362 Background & Aims: A deficient leukocyte recruitment has been suggested in tumor vasculature, but little is known about the underlying molecular mechanism. To characterize leukocyte-endothelium interaction in experimental colon cancer, quantify the main endothelial cell adhesion molecules (CAMs), and evaluate the effect of tumor-derived products CONCLUSIONS: Impaired leukocyte recruitment in tumor vasculature cannot be attributed to a depressed expression of the main CAMs. Selective restoration after NO inhibition and TGF-beta1 immunoblockade suggests involvement of both molecules in this phenomenon.

  • 3/24/02 Insulin: a novel factor in carcinogenesis. Am J Med Sci 2002 Mar;323(3):140-5 PMID: 11908858 There is increasing evidence that insulin is a growth factor for tumor formation. The mechanisms underlying insulin-mediated neoplasia may include enhanced DNA synthesis with resultant tumor cell growth, inhibition of apoptosis, and altered sex hormone milieu. The reduced insulin levels seen with physical activity, weight loss, and a high fiber diet may account for decreased cancer risk. The role of newer drugs that restore sensitivity to insulin, thereby reducing hyperinsulinemia, is an exciting potential area of cancer prevention. In this review, we discuss the potential role of insulin as a tumor growth factor

  • 3/27/02 Requirement of BAX for TRAIL/Apo2L-induced Apoptosis of Colorectal Cancers: Synergism with Sulindac-mediated Inhibition of Bcl-x(L). Cancer Res 2002 Mar 15;62(6):1583-7 PMID: 11912124 The cornerstone of the systemic treatment of advanced colorectal cancer is 5-fluorouracil.However, 5-fluorouracil-induced apoptosis is dependent on p53, a tumor suppressor gene that is lost or inactivated in at least 85% of human colorectal cancers Here we show that tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL)/Apo2L triggers caspase-8-mediated truncation of BID, mitochondrial activation of caspase-9, and apoptosis in both p53(+/+) or p53(-/-) isogenic HCT116 colorectal cancer cells. TRAIL/Apo2L also sensitizes both p53(+/+) or p53(-/-) colorectal cancer cells to ionizing radiation. In contrast, we find that TRAIL/Apo2L fails to activate caspase-9 or induce apoptosis in isogenic HCT116 colorectal cancer cells that are deficient in BAX, a proapoptotic gene that is mutated in >50% of colorectal cancers of the microsatellite mutator phenotype. Loss of BAX also renders colorectal cancer cells resistant to TRAIL/Apo2L-mediated radiosensitization

  • 3/27/02 Decreased production of interleukin-12 and type 2 immune responses are marked in cachectic patients with colorectal and gastric cancer. J Clin Gastroenterol 2002 Apr;34(4):416-20 PMID: 11907352 Balance of the two types of T helper cells is one of the most important factors for regulation of the immune system. This study examines the production of interleukin (IL)-4, -6, -10, -12, and interferon-gamma by peripheral blood mononuclear cells stimulated with phytohemagglutinin or Staphylococcus aureus

    Miscellaneous

  • 3/24/02 Intra-arterial administration of a replication-selective adenovirus (dl1520) in patients with colorectal carcinoma metastatic to the liver: a phase I trial Gene Ther 2001 Nov;8(21):1618-26 PMID: 11895000 Antibody titers increased significantly in all patients. Viral replication was detectable in patients receiving the highest two doses. An objective response was demonstrated in combination with chemotherapy in a patient who was refractory to both 5-FU and dl1520 as single agents. Therefore, hepatic artery infusion of the attenuated adenovirus dl1520 was well-tolerated at doses resulting in infection, replication and chemotherapy-associated antitumoral activity

  • 3/16/02 ONYX-015. Onyx Pharmaceuticals Curr Opin Investig Drugs 2001 Dec;2(12):1770-5 PMID: 11892945 ONYX-015 (CI-1042), an adenovirus modified selectively to replicate in and kill cells that harbor p53 mutations, is under development by Onyx Pharmaceuticals for the potential treatment of various solid tumors, including head and neck, gastrointestinal and pancreatic tumors ONYX-015 is in ongoing phase III trials for the treatment of recurrent head and neck cancer, phase II trials for colorectal, ovary, pancreas and mouth tumors, and phase I trials for digestive disease, esophagus and liver tumors

  • 3/16/02 The mayo clinic experience with multimodality treatment of locally advanced or recurrent colon cancer Ann Surg Oncol 2002 Mar-Apr;9(2):177-85 PMID: 11888876 BACKGROUND: Patients with incompletely resected locally advanced and recurrent colon cancers have a dismal prognosis. Since 1981, 100 colon cancer patients have been treated with combination therapy including surgical resection, chemotherapy, and external plus intraoperative radiotherapy. METHODS: A prospective computerized intraoperative radiation database identified patients for this retrospective review. Data collection included patient demographics, tumor and treatment variables, and morbidity, recurrence, and survival statistics. RESULTS: The mean age was 55.2 years. Follow-up was available for all patients. Fifty-nine patients have died. Median follow-up of survivors was 70.5 months. Twenty-five patients with locally advanced colon cancer had a median survival of 38.2 months and a 5-year survival of 49%. Eleven of these patients are still free of disease. Seventy-three patients treated for recurrent colon carcinoma had a median survival of 33.3 months from the time of recurrence, with a 5-year survival of 24.7%. Twenty-one are alive without evidence of recurrence. The 38 patients with recurrent disease whose disease was completely resected had a 37.4% 5-year survival

  • 3/24/02 Circadian chronotherapy for human cancers. : Lancet Oncol 2001 May;2(5):307-15 PMID: 11905786 Chronotherapeutic schedules have been used to document the safety and activity of oxaliplatin against metastatic colorectal cancer and have formed the basis for a new approach to the medicosurgical management of this disease, which achieved unprecedented long-term survival. The chronotherapy concept offers further promise for improving current cancer-treatment options, as well as for optimising the development of new anticancer or supportive agents

  • 3/29/02 Resistance of colon cancer cells to long-term 5-fluorouracil exposure is correlated to the relative level of Bcl-2 and Bcl-X(L) in addition to Bax and p53 status. Int J Cancer 2002 Apr 1;98(4):498-504 PMID: 11920608 Defects in apoptosis have been implicated in chemoresistance of colon cancer cells. We report here the ability to resist to 5-fluorouracil-induced apoptosis of 8 colon cancer cell lines differing in p53 and bax status

  • 3/29/02 Intra-tumoral interleukin-6 down-regulation system and genetic mutations of tumor suppressor genes in colorectal carcinoma. Cancer 2002 Mar 1;94(5):1584-1592 PMID: 11920517 BACKGROUND: The interleukin (IL)-1-IL-6 network, the most potent cascade of pro-inflammatory cytokines, plays an autocrine role in tumor growth. The IL-1-IL-6 network is down-regulated by a phased cytokine inhibitor IL-1 receptor antagonist (ra) and an anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10. The current study evaluated this down-regulation system in colorectal carcinoma and its relation to the genetic alteration of tumor suppressor genes

  • 3/29/02 Efficient induction of apoptosis by ONYX-015 adenovirus in human colon cancer cell lines regardless of p53 status. Anticancer Drugs 2002 Jan;13(1):47-50 PMID: 11914640 The ONYX-015 virus is a mutated adenovirus that in theory selectively replicates and induces cytolysis in tumor cells lacking functional p53. The present study investigated whether ONYX-015 viral infection alone or in combination with conventional chemotherapeutic agents could significantly increase apoptosis in human colon cancer cell lines, regardless of p53 status,

  • 3/29/02 Oncolytic Reovirus against Ovarian and Colon Cancer. Cancer Res 2002 Mar 15;62(6):1696-701 PMID: 11912142 Reovirus selectively replicates in and destroys cancer cells with an activatedRas signaling pathway. In this study, we evaluated the feasibility of using reovirus (serotype 3, strain Dearing) as an antihuman colon and ovarian cancer agent

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