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Ed: Farel Bradbury
Unitax Association

100130.1677 @compuserve.com

Presenting ideas to enhance human & natural environments using technology for a good life, peace and fair wealth distribution. Last updated on 12 September 1998

unified national indirect taxation
UNITAX

The dynamic issues...

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Today’ Big Issue (feature 2)
Melt-down: burning Eastern economies

A letter to Sir Colin on the use of energy (3)

introducing...

GOLF OPENS UP: New developments to be announced soon. New links (4)

GOLFin

New
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Peace & Terror, Ireland & PREFERENDUM (5)

The British National Health Service (6)

ETHICAL BANKING: working interest rates (7)

The constant issues... (1)

The Resource Economics Proposition

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(2nd PART)

Introduction

Hi and welcome to the second issue of Farels. I’ve added some contact links and brought the features up-to-date. Tap into this source of ideas for improving the quality of life on Earth. If you know your problem, we’ve probably got something that would ease it. The following pages do NOT detail the problems - you know all about those. But on each page - when you come to think about it, you will find some proposals which could make life easier all round.

Keep in touch and we’ll tell you what’s happening and what you can do to really change your environment and your life for the better. Meanwhile... just pass the word around...

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Farels

FEATURE 1A

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Describing the Resource Economics Proposition

"Promoting a resource based economic system for an improved and sustainable future"
last updated on 12 September 1998

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The Resource Economics Proposition (REP).
Integrated tax and benefit system for national economies and international trading (SPEC) procedures based on unified national indirect taxes (UNITAX) and Basic Income Distribution System (BIDS). Also unified local indirect taxes (ULITAX) for regional and local government community funding.
The Resource Economics Proposition (R.E.P.) has been researched for forty years with contributions from many people, expert and lay. Since 1988 it has been subject to scientific scrutiny and analysis by Members of the Resource Use Institute of Scotland under whose aegis, with the Unitax Association, the Proposition is now presented. Political interpretations of its working, priorities and values would be subject to due democratic process in adopting nations and the R.E.P. is not linked exclusively with any single political Party or interest group.
The UNITAX ASSOCIATION with members in all walks of life has been founded to bring these radically alternative economic methods to the attention of politicians and to guard against the corruption of the impartial science behind the Proposition.
The World presently consumes natural resources at the rate of 7000 years every day - a degree of unsustainability that cannot be cured by “efficiency” or other adjustments to present systems. Present economic methods have to be abandoned. For example, conventional classic economic concepts of “growth” are now totally irrelevant to human well-being and prosperity: witness growing pollution and stress. UNITAX (Unified National Indirect Taxation) is a fiscal system which provides a means of reversing many undesirable economic incentives to wasteful consumption and “competition”. For example, nearly all present tax systems add cost so as to deter work and employment, to hit rewards on creativity and punishes anything that adds value while encouraging automated and resource rich mass production, and the shedding of labour in “productivity” incentives.
UNITAX applies a duty on all primary energy at the first point of use in any given national economy (or in any trading group of nations). This procedure ensures that the tax or “social cost” is related exactly to individual consumption, standard of living and the amount of property to be maintained. The UNTAX duty is calculated on “energy value” not on “money value”. All other taxes can be phased out. The R.E.P. includes a compensating payment to every citizen which also ensures a basic level of fair wealth distribution throughout the social system - a non-selective Basic Income Distribution System (BIDS) - which meets the increased costs of fuel and which provides the reward for saving or the recycling of resources. BIDS phases out all other benefits systems, all selectivity and means testing which add so much to costs and aggravation within society.

SUMMARY

BACKGROUND

U.A.

NEW ECONOMICS NEEDED

HOW IT WORKS

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FEATURE 1B

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Describing the Resource Economics Proposition

"Promoting a resource based economic system for an improved and sustainable future"
last updated on 12 September 1998

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To give a “level playing field” for international trade, UNITAX is applied on ALL imports of goods and services (using ordinary commercial documentation with addresses zip coded to identify source and destination). UNITAX is based on Statutory Primary Energy Content (S.P.E.C) of cross-frontier billings for goods and services. S.P.E.C. can be found by energy audit or from lookup tables. Similarly, all exports receive a rebate based on S.P.E.C. so that indigenous industry is at no disadvantage from high primary costs. All other tariff, quota, subsidy and other free-market distortions, trade restrictions and government interventions are phased out completely.
An important first step of the Resource Economics Proposition is to balance the Government’s National Budget. This frees the government from obligations to banks, to big business, and to other powerful money factions. With the government out of the money markets, but controlling money supply, interest rates can fall to around 2%. This independence of government from vested interests allows not only good representation of all the people, but also means that social factors can be acted on to regulate World trade and to curb the political power of the transnational corporations. These new checks and balances can, as well as conserving the global environment, give rapid benefit to the debtor nations of the Third World.
UNITAX is so prolific a source of government revenue that all civilized amenities in health, education, welfare, pensions can be totally and fully funded to ensure surplus capacity. (Surplus capacity is a more appropriate measure of public services than measures of “efficiency” and of “value for money”). The REP sets out, as a first step, to replace completely all Value Added Tax with an exactly equivalent UNITAX. This first step establishes the mechanism with the minimum of disruption of present systems but with some immediate benefits arising from simpler and cheaper administration with no evasion. Very shortly after the UNITAX mechanism has been established, the rate of UNITAX can be adjusted to balance the national budget and to zero out the public sector borrowing requirement (p.s.b.r. =0).
The “balanced budget” is the simple key to an improved and sustainable future. As primary consumption declines, the UNITAX rate is increased (if the same revenue is still required after the closing of many government Departments). The numbers may seem frightening - which is why the R.E.P. is seen as so radical - primary resources and their direct derivatives will cost as much as five times present prices. However, with the S.P.E.C. balances and the BIDS safeguards, the quality of national life can be maintained and enhanced. Indeed, the higher the cost of primary resources, the greater the rewards from conservation, recycling and durable products. The less the consumption of primaries, the less the release of pollution into the environment. And even though the rate of UNITAX may be very high, because we consume so much less, the tax burden actually declines for each of us.
Further information is available in publications covering different aspects of economic life. Also speakers are available for discussions and lectures on the Resource Economics Proposition and how it may safely and most advantageously be introduced into national economies.

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FAIR TRADE

FREE GOVERNMENT

TOTAL PUBLIC SERVICE FUNDING

BALANCED BUDGET

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FEATURE 2

Today’s Big Issue

RUINATION

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Melt-down:
burning Eastern economies
A little science can explain the economic disasters in the Far East and Russia. A little more can point the way out of the troubles. The World consumes resources at a rate of many times more in a day than can be replaced by the natural environment in a year. This consumption of resources is exchanged for a man-made invention called money. Money is a token used in exchanges but has no value that can be recognized in Nature. Indeed, it takes resources to make and manage the stuff.
As we see, money is worth nothing when the confidence in it evaporates. You can’t eat it, you can’t wear it, it can’t keep you warm, it won’t give you shelter from the rain and you can’t travel about in it. So, why do we exchange the planet’s resources for it and then, by burning up the resources, kill ourselves in the pollution we cause?
It’s called the Third Law of Thermodynamics: systems will set themselves for the maximum rate of degradation. It’s all about entropy - consuming so much that you cannot consume any more. We should, of course, be intelligent enough to avoid these ills. But, for historic reasons, we regard natural resources as "free goods" - just go and dig them out of the ground. The result is that we create money but, because we destroy the wealth in rapid depreciation, there is less and less left to be exchanged for the money in circulation and, for many, many years now, the value of money has been declining. Human production, especially when "economically developed" gives a net "value deducted" or "technological inflation" when we take the living value of our environment and resources into account. The harder we work, the poorer we get.
Of course, we can’t keep this up. We are depleting resources. We are killing ourselves with pollution. We are corrupting our societies by the pursuit of money. We are destroying the World about us. And our financial institutions - most of which create no net wealth, are collapsing.
The trick is to find a way to add value by our activities without adding cost. There is now an awareness that we have been undervaluing our material and energy resources and over-burdening our labour contributions. The result: we "economize" on labour (it’s called "productivity") and consume resources as quickly as possible. This is plain daft. How long does the obviously necessary reform need to take? The measures are very simple (c.f. the Resource Economics Proposition) and could have been started decades ago.
Unfortunately, the skills required, though not particularly difficult to find, are scientific and not abundant in financial and political spheres. But this is, like it or not, a technological age. It may be burning but it’s a jungle out there. We need guides who know the route and the inviolate laws by which we all live. Laws which we are now breaking - flagrantly.
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WHY WE’RE IN TROUBLE

MONEY - NO NATURAL VALUE

TECHNOLOGICAL INFLATION

THE RIGHT CURE

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FEATURE 3A

A letter to Sir Colin Marshall

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Sir Colin Marshall, Chairman
Government Task Force on the Industrial Use of Energy
Room 50/3, HM Treasury
Parliament Street, London, SW1P 3AG
18 July, 1998
Dear Sir Colin
I have the distinct impression (from a runaround on the Treasury & DTI switchboards looking for your Task Force) that the label [ 50 / 3 ] is securely attached to a large wheelie bin strategically placed at the entrance to Treasury Chambers so that the postman has not too far to go to discard his onerous load.
This is addressed to you as a fellow engineer (I was a Junior in BEA Battersea in the ‘50s) and, who knows? it may even get to you. For two reasons. There is more than a sporting chance, judging from the high proportion of engineers who have understood, supported and contributed to the Proposition that follows, that you will appreciate it. We both know the footling cavorting that is endemic to official procedures and if this is going to die the death of a thousand evaporations, then I would like to feel that at least one brain, that might eventually be able to do something about it, had been exposed to it.
It is, of course, most likely that these ideas will be adopted elsewhere - as often happens with British innovation. The leader of a minor German political party told a meeting in Vienna a year or so ago that, having heard all the arguments, this one, (pointing at me) was so obvious as to be inevitable. I see now (from the Wuppertal Bulletin) that Deutscher Naturschutzring, the umbrella organisation of over 100 German nature conservation and environmental organisations with over 2.8 million individual members is proposing reform based on an energy tax. This, in turn draws on the 1994 calculations of Deutsches Institut für Wirtschaftsfortschung which follow the pattern we set for UNITAX. I mention this because your Task Force, with an eye to E.U. complexities might find it more amenable to import its conclusions. However, the DNR proposals, while having the inestimable advantage of being geared to the realities of a pretty inept political system, are technically systemically flawed.
The Resource Economics Proposition has been worked out by some very knowledgeable people. It has neither technical nor practical flaws, and it completely satisfies the declared objectives not only of your Task Force (I’ve checked the list), but of this and previous governments. It also meets the real needs of the people of this country. But it requires courage and vision and the ability to cut through the cold treacle of Whitehall. I feel I should be out playing golf.
This discovery has been laid before Tony Barber and every Chancellor since.
I found early on that while engineers welcome solutions, politicians are far happier with the problems. So, call it public duty and because so many friends have urged me to reply to the consultation paper "Economic Instruments and the Business Use of Energy".
I respectfully draw your attention to the system of unified national indirect taxation (UNITAX) which members of the Resource Use Institute with others have been examining and developing for nearly forty years. The mechanisms provided by this instrument so exactly comply with your aims and objectives, while completely avoiding the difficulties which have been mooted for "ecotaxes", that, if it were not for my cynicism about your operation, I would feel confident you will need to consider this in more detail than can be expressed in this brief submission.
You, of course, start with the immense advantage of knowing the true meaning of "energy" and its all-pervasive effect in society and in all economic activity. You will probably know how much of a deterrent to wealth creation are our present taxation systems - being leaky, oppressive and counter-productive - as well as being inadequate. I hope you agree that our resources are hopelessly undervalued - to the point of encouraging profligate, wasteful and inefficient application. We hear ministers priding themselves on a reduction in household fuel bills so that we can get rid of our billion year old resources as soon as possible.
The main thrust of this submission is that we have sufficient space, in dismantling the old systems, so as to achieve an absolutely painless and delightful transition. Could even be vote-winning! By switching labour taxes on to energy we have a simple, unevadable, and complete revenue system. With the few safeguards contained in the Proposition and some careful phasing, we can be assured of a cleaner, wealthier, more equitable and somewhat more sustainable future than is possible by any re-jigging of classic or monetarist methods.
In short, while some apparent boldness is required to initiate these proposals - they are indeed radical - there in no risk whatsoever providing the relatively simple safeguards are observed. Furthermore, there is hard evi€

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FEATURE 3B

A letter to Sir Colin Marshall

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1. Greater control over inflationary factors
2. Stimulation of the employment market
3. Improvement of competitive status
4. Self-optimising road traffic and travel improvement
5. A lifting of the burden on business.
6. Budgetless funding (i.e. no rationing) of health and education.
7. An end to the EU Common Agricultural Policy.
This confidence is based on hard physical realities. Taken together with the established methods and principles of revenue raising, accountability, and business operation in domestic and world markets, we have made some exciting discoveries. The proposals draw together a number of factors which have become increasingly significant since the Industrial Revolution and which are now, in scientific terms, limiting. These are:
1. The increasing intensity of the exploitation of the planet’s physical resources to feed modern production - now many times beyond sustainability.
2. The common measure of all productive resource input can be expressed in energy units, and in no other.
3. The flow of energy is also a measure of the rate of pollution.
4. The flow of energy is also a measure of economic activity.
5. Units of energy cannot be used for the valuing of market exchanges.
6. Present revenue systems are on the point of breakdown, already failing to yield required revenues, and even then adding huge administration costs as well as some considerable distortions in trade and culture. It is now acknowledged that people do not like paying present taxes which are oppressive, leaky and which inhibit employment.
7. The policy of taxing labour and profits (enterprise) combined with policies to deliver low-cost energies has led directly to resource-rich, labour shedding production of expendable goods with very poor linkage to the quality of life.
We are thus given the ingredients for a start to be made on a reform of our revenue systems while the inefficiency of present methods gives us "space" to achieve changes in a remarkably pleasant manner. The proposals are, therefore, not only painless but should be politically extremely popular.
Without costing the Treasury a penny, the pain of v.a.t. can be removed and its net cost on labour cancelled out. The same revenue is levied by a UNITAX duty of approximately £5/GJ at the (relatively very few) economic sources of PRIMARY ENERGY and on imports’ Statutory Primary Energy Content (S.P.E.C.). EU contributions remain unaltered but Europe is also ready for this lead to be taken - if our politicians are up to such leadership. The scientific methodology for the administration is, by a very considerable amount indeed, simpler than present Customs & Excise procedures which it replaces, but it is important to stress that it is scientific and some scientific officers will be needed. This is not out of keeping with the age we live in and the abilities of these nations.
In exploiting the established v.a.t. procedures to rebate the UNITAX on all exported S.P.E.C. it will be seen that, far from penalising manufacturers with high resource costs, the advantage will always remain with the more efficient, more local and more competitive supplier in a perfectly level playing field.

The full proposals go on to show how, once the UNITAX mechanism is established, further tax and benefit reform can follow equally painlessly - principally because the "money rationing" which is part of the "taxpayers’ money" aspect of the present painful monetarist system taxes will have been replaced by taxes embodied in consumption. And we know people love to consume.
I enclose some descriptive papers.
Yours sincerely, Farel Bradbury

Enclosures (PLEASE REQUEST BY E-MAIL): The Delight of Resource Economics: the Clean Revolution An overview of the Proposition.
Value Added Tax: A Direct Cause of European Unemployment. Showing the perverse working of present taxes.
Business, Taxes and the Environment. Placing taxes in administrative perspective and introducing energy tax.
An Appraisal of the Proposed European Directive on an Energy Products Tax. Study of an
EU fiasco.
The Delight of Resource Economics: The Acceptable Alternative. Picking the pleasant way
to change.
Slesser Replies and The Shrinking Tax Base Argument. Dealing with some of the more facile objections.

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FEATURE 4

A new development in GOLF

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Pick up the picture
From GOLFin
Golf Metropolitan’s webmag

AN ANNOUNCEMENT WILL BE MADE SHORTLY OF INTEREST TO ALL GOLFERS AND TO THOSE WHO ORGANISE, PROMOTE OR PROVIDE GOLF.
THE GOLF “COURT” WAS INVENTED BY FAREL BRADBURY 10 YEARS AGO. RECENT DEVELOPMENTS HAVE MADE IT POSSIBLE TO OFFER THIS REMARKABLE AND ATTRACTIVE PLAYING FACILITY ON A WIDE COMMERCIAL SCALE AND TO GRANT PRIVATE LICENCES FOR A NOMINAL REGISTRATION FEE.
MAKE NO MISTAKE. THE GOLF COURT PLAYS FULL 18-HOLE GOLF WITH STANDARD CLUBS, BALLS AND OTHER EQUIPMENT TO THE ROYAL & ANCIENT RULES OF THE GAME AND UP TO 7500 YARDS, AS DIFFICULT OR AS EASY AS YOU WANT IT DESIGNED.
PLAY ON SINGLE GAME GOLF COURTS - FOR ANY NUMBER OF PLAYERS - IS QUICKER, FREE OF INTERRUPTION, AND BOOKED BY THE HOUR SO YOU KNOW WHEN YOU START AND WHEN YOU FINISH. COURTS CAN BE BUILT ON SMALL PARCELS OF LAND NEAR WHERE YOU WORK OR LIVE.
COURT MAINTENANCE IS EASIER TOO - ITS BOOKED OUT TO MAINTENANCE SO GROUND STAFF AND PLAYERS CAN STAY CLEAR OF EACH OTHER.
E-MAIL FOR PRELIMINARY INFO BUT WATCH FOR THE ANNOUNCEMENT GIVING MORE DETAILS AND HOW YOU CAN TAKE ADVANTAGE OF THIS NEW DEVELOPMENT IN A TERRIFIC SPORT.

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Farels

FEATURE 5A

Letting people have a say

Peace with Democratic Accountability THE PREFERENDUM

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For several generations, politicians have sought less to serve the “will of the people” than to serve narrow party interests. Major issues are swamped with petty “point scoring” on party lines. Huge distractions are caused by “shape of the table” issues, posturing, “sound-bite”, short-termism and Populist vote-catching. Governments are subject to pressure from financial and other interest groupings. Hardly surprisingly, politicians have rarely been held in lower esteem.
Governments are, in the democracies usually elected by a first choice minority of the population. In the UK, typically one third. Political candidates will usually offer a “manifesto” of a hundred or so distinct proposals and claim that every single one of these proposals is supported by everyone who voted for them. This unrealistic assumption (not even all the Party candidates agree with all their own Party’s policies) is aggravated by the parallel assumption that every policy proposed by losing candidates has been disapproved. Thus it is actually impossible to know the will of the people on the issues by the process of election while minority interests - that might very easily be accepted by the majority - are swamped by the system. The result is the growth of pressure groups and lobbying - and the use of opinion polls - or just leaving it for politicians to do what suits them best on a guesswork basis.
To give such unrepresentative governing systems, unlimited spending power - as would follow from the Resource Economics Proposition (see feature 1) would be catastrophic. We need to improve the way in which increasingly enlightened and well-informed electorates are represented. The “Proportional Representation” systems for electing candidates may represent the Parties proportionally: they do not show the will of the people, outside the political cliques, on the several issues on which the parties stand. The alternative is the PREFERENDUM.
The PREFERENDUM differs from the referendum in a number of important ways.
The referendum poses a question, or series of questions, on a defined and limited political decision, once the facets of that decision have become crystallized, and, usually, with “yes” or “no” options.
The Preferendum allows each candidate in an election to send a list of ALL their policies to every elector a week or so before their election for several approval only.
With a Preferendum, the electors may, only if they freely wish to, “tick” any policy they like on all or any of the lists from the different candidates. This is a “yes” only option, with no box to mark a “no”: hence the preference is shown at the time the candidate is elected, at the beginning of the political process. The rule is that the policy lists with any items ticked, are entered at the poll at the same time as voting for any of the candidates. If people don’t bother to do this, they should, at least, have been informed as to what is proposed in their name. Significantly, however, the Preferendum measures the active support for policies. It is the active support for a proposal or a counterproposal that, in the end, determines the passage of democratic legislation and the effective “will of the people”.

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FEATURE 5B

Letting people have a say

Peace with Democratic Accountability THE PREFERENDUM page 2

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A policy preference “vote” does not contribute in any way to the election, or defeat, of any candidate. The counts of the policy approvals are published. The governing (parliamentary) system then has the role of interpreting the question and the “votes” for the polices. In the public arena, with (local) media coverage, the known will, or lack of will, can be weighed against the more prosaic needs of government to administer a nation as well as to reform society. If a candidate does not include any policy in the list, a “mandate” cannot be claimed but, because nothing has been rejected, unlisted policies can be passed through Parliament on merit by the usual processes of argument and debate. As importantly, successful candidates are not obliged to adopt opponents’ policies, even if those policies are well supported. The reasoning for this is that because the candidate was successfully elected he can argue that he was not the one who proposed it. The electorate knows that if they want a particular policy, they have at the very least to elect the candidate proposing it. Even then, it may not pass the legislative process but, under public scrutiny, if it is thrown out, someone is going to have to give a good reason. Similarly, if something without support is to be passed, good reasons must be given. Party “dogma” will not be sufficient. The sea change we are looking for.
The Preferendum (under the name Voice of the People, V2P, voting for policies as well as for politicians) has worked well in workshop trial and in public tests at the Brecon and Radnor by-election for the British parliament July 4th., 1985.
The Preferendum loosens the “boundaries of decision” by allowing local and regional issues to be tested in the policy “lists”. Those who feel that a listed policy concerns them, will respond, those who are not concerned will simply ignore the proposal.
This was NOT an opinion poll: polls are based on scientific sampling. In the Preferendum, everyone is asked: replies are “self-selected” and therefore, as with the free vote, truly and freely democratic. The policies listed are the actual policies proposed by the candidates at a real election.
VOTING OVER BOUNDARY
It has been shown that although receiving nearly 36% of the personal vote, the winning candidates may receive only an average of 10% support for their policies. By separating the policies from the candidate, the will of the people can be expressed street by street, issue by issue. The boundaries of culture, of self-interest and of persuasion can freely be defined by individuals who are both well informed and involved in their political society. To be “allowed a say” is the one unheard cry of all who presently feel aggrieved. The Preferendum changes this by allowing everyone a say within the boundaries of their own interests as they themselves decide.

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FEATURE 5C

Letting people have a say

Peace with Democratic Accountability THE PREFERENDUM page 3

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HOW TO RUN A PREFERENDUM
But what if the people will the impossible - halve the taxes and double public spending? Clearly a system of checks and balances has to be devised. The Preferendum uses “self-optimising” natural systems and builds mostly upon established procedures.
1) Each Candidate at election may, if they wish, and only if they wish, set out a list of their policy proposals. These are “one-line” summaries set out as though the words “I approve” precedes them, and followed by a box for a tick. Candidates will, usually, adopt the policies of their Parties, but may take the opportunity to rebel, or to include local issues.
2) The lists of all candidates wishing to produce them are sent, about three weeks before polling day, to every elector. This is, in effect, building on the present “election address” procedure.
3) Electors may discuss, mark off any policies they like, or throw the lists away.
4) On polling day, lists are taken to, or others collected at the polling station when the elector votes for any of candidates. The lists, with any approved policies ticked (again) in the polling booth, are placed in racks beside the ballot box. The elector must vote for someone to put in any policy list and may, if they so wish, put in up to one of every list as issued by any and all the candidates.
5) The results are counted and published. The policy count is speeded by mechanization because the pencil in the polling booth gives a “stripe” which can be picked off electronically.
THE BENEFITS OF THE PREFERENDUM
If democracy is a good thing, then the preferendum is a good thing. Particular benefits are:
Restores the status of politicians who must win on merit and read the will of the people. They must communicate and persuade - not depend on blind dogma.
It depolarizes and defuses tensions across religious, ethnic, cultural and national divides because the circles of influence reach out to allow those concerned to “have a say” while those who are not concerned won’t bother.
Allows everyone to be “involved” in society - if they wish. Good for morale.
It is cheap, easy to do and to understand. It is in public and subject to scrutiny.
Difficult to cheat - policy votes don’t contribute to the election of candidates, numbers to influence policy counts are large, and the counting computers can pick up set patterns of approval, easily.
No-one is compelled to do anything they don’t want to, policies come from the candidates by their own choice, electors only approve if they want to. Nothing is excluded. The system works by measuring active support relatively, one policy against another. It uses Parliament, as the final arbiter, to decide.
It is safe to give the fiscal power of the R.E.P. to politicians held to account by Preferendum.
It is the duty of the political establishment to ensure and defend the freedom and prosperity of peoples within the boundaries of their influence. Morality has meaning only when the deprivations and obligations of inequality and poverty are eliminated.

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FEATURE 5D

Winning true democracy

Terrible politicians
Ireland and PREFERENDUM

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Peace in Northern Ireland is fragile. The underlying stresses will emerge again. Once again political "top-downism" has applied the wrong answer to the wrong problem.

Terrorism springs from a key failure in human social structures. The failure to allow free existence and free expression. This is political oppression, real or perceived - the submerging of cultural identity. Terrorism is a reaction to and not the cause of stress. Political power carries the power to act and thus, given the will, to remove the stress. Politicians, seeking power, take this responsibility: terrorism is in the hands of governments.

This unpalatable truth - that politicians are responsible for terrorism - is linked to some other inconvenient practicalities. Politicians must have a constituency of supporters - whether or not they are elected. Wide support comes at the cost of minority interests which get steamrollered under the broad issues of constituency. In pacifying a majority there may be little that a politician, subject to a wide range of pressures, can do in the face of constituents.

People resolve these differences between individuals, or between groups, by cross-linking the issues so that a mutual or "common" good is the natural instinct on all sides. In order to do this the "constituency" must be taken to it smallest part - a household, a street, a district or a region - so that each individual feels they have "a say" on issues that concern them within their group. People have many interests and belong to many groups, sporting, social, cultural, religious, and so forth. They will take part in the decisions of the groups with which they are involved but would not expect to be concerned with matters having no impact on their lives at all. This cross-linking of issues is not possible under present electoral systems where centralised parties put forward a platform of a hundred or more policy proposals which are deemed to be the same for every candidate for that party. There is no way of voting for candidates which can show the will of the people on this plethora of election issues. But that won’t stop elected candidates claiming that every policy, line by line in their "manifesto", is actively supported by all who voted for them. The deception is aggravated by the claim that every one of their opponents’ policies has, by the same vote, been rejected.

It has been shown that the force for peace comes from the people. It is the disgust of ordinary people that brings politicians to book. Those who strut upon the stage spouting the big broad issues, miss the detail that afflicts ordinary folk. Yet it is only necessary to ask. The "preferendum" is a suitable means.

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FEATURE 5E

Winning true democracy

Terrible politicians
Ireland and PREFERENDUM

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The "Northern Ireland Agreement" has set the differences in constitutional concrete. It seeks to drag the age old conflicts off the streets and into the council chamber. It seeks to give voice to the political posers who claim to speak for their people yet who cannot trust themselves to ask them, home by home, street by street and town by town.

But if democracy is "of the people", the denial of a say to the people on those things which concern them, is itself an oppression. An oppression by government as culpable as the terrorism which arises because people
are denied a say in those things which concern them. It must be asked. Why, when it is so easy to ask people about the issues put to them at election (this has been proved by trials) don’t politicians want to ask? Is it really that they wish to subjugate people to their ideas and do not really want people to have a say? Do politicians really fear democracy?

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FEATURE 6

Enhancing Health Care

N.H.S.
The British National Health Service is 50. Formed in early July 1948 the NHS has had to meet an ever-increasing demand for health care and the prevention of sickness and to keep pace with the developing medical technologies as well as to face the consequences of a success measured in the increasing life-span of its patients. The “Rationing” of health care - unthinkable at the time the NHS was formed is now being contemplated. Who shall live - who shall die, whose quality of life will be decided in favour of whom?
The problem is as easily summarized as the solution is easily available. The problem is a shortage of cash. This shortage arises because under classic Monetarist economic policies, public spending money comes from taxpayers and this is the resource that is rationed. Politicians have discovered that voters don’t like paying taxes. Hence the painful cutting of public budgets.
With ample evidence of the breakdown of taxation systems, you might have thought that it would be easy to see that the problem lies in the revenue system itself - after all, who has made it cumbersome, painful, easily evaded, counter-productive and inadequate but the same politicians who now have to face up to rationing health care.
The Resource Economics Proposition is the perfect answer to the problem. Money is no longer rationed by reluctant taxpayers. Instead, money is issued by the Treasury - as much as is asked for by the government - and the corresponding rate of UNITAX (see Page 1) is levied. The money is recycled to the Treasury as people consume - mostly eagerly and by choice (no evasion there) - and is back in the Treasury within the week. No inflation there and a fully balanced budget.
It is not a conjuring trick. Remember, the external market is unaffected by the high inland resource cost (see Page 1) and people are getting what they clearly want anyway - a fully funded health service free at the point of use and instantly available. (Incidentally, the REP measure for the success of public services is “available capacity” - not the Monetarist’s “value for money”.) Apart from the elimination of the pain and leakages of present revenue systems, UNITAX is broader based and linked automatically to income, property and lifestyle through its one measure of consumption. And that doesn’t even need any tax returns.
So don’t allow your politicians to cure the wrong problem by rationing health. Cure the sick tax system - and take a lot of stress out of life at the same time.

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HEALTH RATIONING?

HORRID TAXES

THE RIGHT CURE

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FEATURE 7

ETHICAL BANKING:
Working interest rates

Accountability in finance?

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How interest rates can be good and low
Investors do not like low interest rates. Low interest rates may give you low pension or life assurance payouts. High interest rate is good.

People who pay interest find high interest rates are painful. High interest rate is bad.

As well as causing payments and payouts, interest rates are used to control markets - to make money more or less expensive and so slow or speed its circulation: to control the "money supply".

As a form of control, interest rate is blind and dumb. It cannot distinguish between credit spending on a thrill trip and investing in future development. It cannot rationalise between the added cost of putting people out of work with the negative added value of curtailing, say, future medical care, and the value deducted by the diversion of resources to non-wealth expenditure and waste.

In short, interest rate is one of the crude rusty old controls used in classic economics.

The alternative, the Resource Economics Proposition, does not use the interest rate controller. Instead, it uses a pure free market system under surveillance. The free market is a very good "transducer". That is, it picks up signals with great sensitivity and rapidity and responds accurately and effectively. The free market works by sensing the flows and potential flows from countless interactions and transactions in a "supply and demand" chain. Each link in this chain carries bi-directional quantities - goods and services in one direction, cash or credit in the opposite direction. Each link is self adapting and jealously guards its own interests - it needs little looking after within a framework of law.

Interest rate is the "price" of money. If money is in short supply, or in demand, interest rate is high. Under the Resource Economics Proposition (REP), the demand for money is cut very severely indeed. Given the unified national indirect taxation (UNITAX) mechanism, government simply issues (prints or recycles) as much money as is needed. This amounts to about half the total economic activity of the whole nation. It simply does not need to borrow any more, even for so-called "capital" projects. Furthermore, cash is distributed to every citizen, so further reducing the "scarcity" value of money and the need to borrow. At the same time, commercial activity will find greater reward from durable product - because consumption carries heavy UNITAX costs - so reducing not only net consumption but, also cutting the number of transactions in the market place.

The shift to this new balance can be achieved quite quickly, the lead effects showing about six months after the policy is set and long before the government finally quits the money markets. Permanent and highly beneficial changes evolving thereafter. This is because we already have a culture of variable interest rates. In parallel with these self-optimising movements (no-one has to impose any particular level of interest rate), compensations are realised in the universal basic income distribution system (BIDS) which offset the reduced income to investors stemming from low interest rate investments. It is perfectly feasible to consider a base interest rate falling to below 2%. At this level the money "contribution" may be considered as "earned" and so some of the moral considerations behind "usury" may be resolved in an honourable manner.

An important factor in the level and treatment of interest rates is the level of (price) "inflation". Clearly, if money is tied up in investments, it will evaporate if the rate of interest is not higher than that of inflation. Because inflation is zero under the Resource Economics Proposition (because money supply is regulated and in constant balance), the market for investment will reflect this.

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FEATURE 8

CONTACTS

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UNITAX ASSOCIATION - MEMBERSHIP

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FEATURE 9

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INDEX
Contents --- number, actual --- date, OUTLINE

HOMEPAGE (0) 1 980911 Pointers, intro, Issue 2
FEATURE 1 1A, 1B p2 - 3 980608, The Resource Economics Proposition
FEATURE 2 p4 980910, Melt-down: burning Eastern economies
FEATURE 3 p5-6 980719, Letter to Sir Colin on energy use
FEATURE 4 p7 980919, Golf prelim, link to golfcourts page
FEATURE 5 p11-12 980911, Peace & terrorism link back to p8-10, PREFERENDUM.
FEATURE 6 p13 980608, NHS
FEATURE 7 P14 980911, Ethical Banking
CONTACTS PAGE p15 980911