Butch & Sundance Bibliography:

The South American activities of Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid remained largely unknown until recently. Although the 1969 hit movie transported the outlaws and their criminal enterprise directly from the United States to Bolivia shortly after the turn of the century, Butch and Sundance actually went to Argentina and spent four years ranching peacefully in Patagonia with Ethel (AKA Etta) Place before wending their way to Bolivia in 1906.

When authors Anne Meadows and Daniel Buck became interested in the subject eight decades later, the bandits' participation in the numerous South American crimes attributed to them had not been documented, and the shootout that ended the movie was widely believed to have been fictional. Many old-timers asserted that Butch and Sundance had come back alive to North America. To solve the mystery, Buck and Meadows have traveled extensively in Argentina, Chile, and Bolivia, locating hundreds of contemporaneous police records, judicial transcripts, newspaper articles, eyewitness accounts, and letters concerning the exploits and fates of the two most famous members of the Wild Bunch.

The results of this research are presented in the following books, articles, letters to the editor, television and radio programs, lectures, and other sources. Information about obtaining copies of the publications is also provided, along with links to related web sites.

• Digging Up Butch and Sundance, third edition (Bison Books: Lincoln, 2003) (Meadows). Contains a new afterword with information discovered after the publication of the first and second editions.

• Digging Up Butch and Sundance, revised edition (Bison Books: Lincoln, 1996) (Meadows). Contains additional information discovered after the publication of the first edition.

• Digging Up Butch and Sundance (St. Martin's Press: New York, 1994) (Meadows). Blends history, mystery, and travel in recounting the adventures Buck and Meadows had while trying to answer the question of what really happened to Butch and Sundance.

• "Butch and Sundance: Still Dead?," forthcoming (Buck & Meadows). A revised version of a talk delivered at the WOLA Shootout in Santa Fe, New Mexico, July 18, 2005, and at the Tercer simposio sobre bandoleros norteamericanos en la Patagonia in Buenos Aires, Argentina, November 23, 2005. Surveyed more than sixty reports of the deaths of Butch and/or Sundance on three continents from the 1890s through the 1970s.

• "Butch Cassidy y Sundance Kid en Bolivia," Anuario 2004 (Archivo y Biblioteca Nacionales de Bolivia, Sucre, Bolivia, 2004) (Meadows & Buck). Versión refundida y notada de "Los últimos días de Butch Cassidy y el Sundance Kid" (1998).

• "Bandoleros Legendarios en Atacama," Eco Pampino, No. 11, Abril 2003 (Buck & Meadows). Se trata de las visitas de Butch y Sundance al campamento minero Punta de Rieles, un villorrio cerca de Chuquicamata en el norte de Chile.

• "Death in the Andes: Butch Cassidy & the Sundance Kid," An Insider's Guide to Bolivia, ed. Peter McFarren (Quipus Cultural Foundation, La Paz, Bolivia, 2003) (Meadows & Buck). Revised version of "The Last Days of Butch & Sundance," Wild West, February 1997.

• "Butch & Sundance: Legendary Outlaws of the Americas," True West, November/December 2002 (Buck & Meadows). Introduces the Collector's Edition on Butch and Sundance and provides a timeline of important dates in their saga.

• "'Who are those guys?'" True West, November/December 2002 (Buck & Meadows). Provides answers to common questions about Butch, Sundance, and Etta Place.

• "The Wild Bunch: Wild, but not much of a bunch," True West, November/December 2002 (Buck & Meadows). Provides an overview of the gang members (and kindred outlaws) -- who they were and what heists they pulled. Concludes that prior to their South American days, Butch and Sundance had worked together only a couple of times. Reprinted in True Tales and Amazing Legends of the Old West (Clarkson N. Potter, NY: 2005).

• "The Last Ride," True West, November/December 2002 (Meadows & Buck). Describes Butch and Sundance's last holdup and their getaway route. Provides an inventory of what they had in their possession at the end of the trail.

• "High Doom in the Andes," True West, November/December 2002 (Meadows, Buck, et al.). Describes the San Vicente shootout and its aftermath.

• "Bogus Butches," True West, November/December 2002 (Buck & Meadows). Discusses photos of the bandits, genuine and phony.

• "The Hole-in-the-Wall Nickelodeon," True West, November/December 2002 (Buck & Meadows). Describes various movies that have featured Butch, Sundance, and/or Etta Place.

• "Butch & Sundance," The English Westerners' Tally Sheet, Summer 2002, vol. 48, no. 3 (Meadows & Buck). Summarizes Butch and Sundance's history and describes how the myths about them have evolved.

• "Cloud Over Cassidy Letters," Western Outlaw-Lawman History Association Journal, vol. XI, no. 1, Spring 2002 (Buck). Discusses the possibility that Utah forger and murderer Mark Hofmann faked two letters and a note previously attributed to Butch Cassidy. Reprinted, without footnotes, in Pen and Quill, vol. XXXV, no. 5, September-October 2002.

• "Wild Bunch Dream Girl: Memories Are Made of This," True West, May-June 2002 (Buck & Meadows). Tells the story of Sundance's chum, Ethel Place, with a focus on the myths and folklore.

• "The History Channel vs. History," Western Outlaw-Lawman History Association Journal, vol. X, no. 1, Spring 2001 (Buck & Meadows). Reviews the History Channel's "History vs. Hollywood" documentary about the film Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid and compares the handwriting in letters known to have been written by Butch Cassidy with that in a letter written by D.J. Myers, which was presented by the documentary as possible proof that Cassidy was alive after the shootout in San Vicente, Bolivia.

• "Mining Tupiza's Marvels / De Minas y Maravillas en Tupiza / Tupiza: porte d'entrée sud de la Bolivie," Américas, January/February 2001 (Buck). Relates the history of Tupiza, Bolivia, headquarters of the Aramayo mining company, whose payroll Butch and Sundance robbed shortly before the shootout in which they perished. Relata la historia de Tupiza, Bolivia, el sitio de la oficina principal de la compañía minera Aramayo, cuya remesa robaron Butch y Sundance un poco antes de morir en un tiroteo.

• "That Bandit Girl," Quarterly of the National Association for Outlaw and Lawman History, vol. XXIV, no. 4, October-December 2000 (Buck & Meadows). Discusses newspaper articles written about Etta Place in the early 1900s.

• "Gunfighter Mythology: Butch & Sundance," True West, August 2000 (Buck & Meadows). Describes various myths about what became of Butch and Sundance.

• "Sequels to a Patagonian Journal / Tras los pasos de Chatwin en Patagonia / Sur les Pas de Chatwin en Patagonie," Américas, March-April 2000 (Buck). Examines the attraction Patagonia had for British travel writer Bruce Chatwin, who visited Cholila in the 1970s and passed along folk tales about Butch and Sundance's activities in South America. Describe la querencia para la Patagonia que tenía el autor Inglés Bruce Chatwin, quien escribió sobre Butch y Sundance en sudamérica.

• "Witness to a Mystery," Newsletter of the Outlaw Trail History Center, Fall 1999 (Buck & Meadows). Deconstructs a folk tale of Butch Cassidy's return to Utah in the 1920s.

• "Butch & Sundance Slept Here," True West, September 1999 (Buck & Meadows). Describes several South American hotels frequented by Butch and Sundance and includes a copy of a November 1908 Bolivian newspaper article placing Butch in a Tupiza hotel just prior to the holdup he and Sundance committed shortly before dying in San Vicente.

• "Butch and Sundance Died in Bolivia," APB Online, 11 January 1999 (Buck & Meadows). Provides a brief summary of the evidence that Butch and Sundance died in San Vicente on 6 November 1908.

• "Los últimos días de Butch Cassidy y el Sundance Kid," Bandoleros, salteadores y raterillos, por Antonio Paredes-Candia (Ediciones Isla: La Paz, 1998) (Meadows & Buck). Contiene un sumario de las experiencias que tuverion Butch y Sundance en sudamérica, con un foco en su último atraco y el tiroteo en Bolivia. (Spanish translation of "The Last Days of Butch & Sundance.")

• "Did Butch Cassidy Return? His Family Can't Decide," Western Outlaw-Lawman History Association Journal, vol. VI, no. 3, Spring 1998 (Buck & Meadows). Examines the many conflicting statements by Butch Cassidy's relatives regarding his alleged return to North America after 1908.

• "Saddle-up for the Southern Andes / Cabalgas en el sur de los Andes," Américas, vol. 49, no. 6, November-December 1997 (Buck). Describes the trail Butch and Sundance reportedly used to take their cattle from Cholila across the Andes to market in Chile, and provides information about horseback excursions available today. Describe la ruta usada por Butch y Sundance entre su estancia en Cholila y el mercado en Chile, y da información sobre cabalgatas en el area.

• "Footnotes: New Wild Bunch Documents Surface," True West, August 1997 (Buck & Meadows). Describes documents recently found among land-office records for Argentina's Chubut Territory. Includes a photo of the only known holographic signature of the Sundance Kid (alias H.A. Place) and establishes conclusively that the outlaws arrived in Cholila in 1901 and intended to settle there permanently.

• "Tap Duncan Wasn't Killed: New Revelations About Harvey Logan Following the Parachute Robbery," Western Outlaw-Lawman History Association Journal, vol. V, no. 3, 1997 (Buck). Discusses the controversy over the identity of an outlaw who committed suicide after a botched train robbery near Parachute, Colorado, in 1904. Provides proof that Tap Duncan was alive long after the event and bolsters the case that Harvey "Kid Curry" Logan was the dead bandit.

• "Outlaw Symposium in Argentina: Butch and Sundance Found Innocent of Holdup," Western Outlaw-Lawman History Association Newsletter, vol. VI, no. 2, Spring 1997 (Buck). Summarizes the highlights of an international symposium on North American bandits in Argentina, Chile, and Bolivia, organized by the Centro Nacional Patagónico and held in Esquel, Chubut, Argentina, in February 1997. Discusses the evidence that led the experts to conclude that Butch and Sundance could not have been the perpetrators of the February 1905 robbery of the Banco de Tarapacá y Argentino Limitado in Río Gallegos, Argentina, but that they had to flee Cholila after becoming suspected of the crime.

• "The Last Days of Butch & Sundance," Wild West, February 1997 (Meadows & Buck). Provides an overview of the eight years Butch and Sundance spent in South America, with an emphasis on their final holdup and the shootout in San Vicente, Bolivia. See related sidebar.

• "Wild Bunch in South America--Neighbors on the Hotseat: Revelations from Long-Lost Argentine Police File," Western Outlaw-Lawman History Association Journal, vol. V, no. 2, Spring-Summer 1996 (Buck & Meadows). Describes an investigation undertaken by judicial authorities into the Patagonian activities of several English-speaking bandits, including Butch Cassidy (alias James P. "Santiago" Ryan), the Sundance Kid (alias H.A. "Enrique" Place), Robert Evans, William Wilson, and Mansel Gibbon. Details the testimony of numerous witnesses, including friends, neighbors, and employees of the bandits as well as police officials. Discusses the imprisonment of Daniel Gibbon, a Welsh immigrant who was not only Butch and Sundance's closest friend but also the father of Mansel Gibbon, a member of a gang that committed several crimes erroneously attributed to Butch and Sundance.

• "Leaving Cholila," True West, January 1996 (Buck & Meadows). Describes the bandits' arrival in Chubut Territory in June 1901, their interactions with friends and neighbors, and their hasty departure in May 1905. Draws on material from Chubut police archives, including letters and other documents written or signed by Butch and Sundance.

• "Cowboys Meet Gauchos: Wild-West Shows & Rodeos in Argentina in the Early 1900s," South American Explorer, June 1993 (Buck). Describes several North American rodeo exhibitions to Buenos Aires between 1905 and the mid-1920s. Discusses Butch's alleged attendance at a 1905 show, where he was said to have traded guns with one of the touring cowboys.

• "¿Murieron Butch Cassidy y Sundance Kid en Bolivia?" Opinión, Cochabamba, Bolivia, 10 March 1994 (Buck & Meadows). Explica la evidencia que sostiene el hipótesis que Butch y Sundance murieron en San Vicente, Potosí, Bolivia, y refuta la idea que ellos regresaron a los Estados Unidos después de 1908. Contiene citaciones a documentación archival y otras fuentes de información. (Spanish translation of "Did Butch and Sundance Die in Bolivia?")

• "Did Butch and Sundance Die in Bolivia?" Bolivian Studies, vol. IV, no. 1, 1993 (Buck & Meadows). Describes the evidence that Butch and Sundance died in San Vicente, Bolivia, and refutes the notion that they came back to the United States after 1908. Provides citations to archival material and other sources of information.

• "Surprising Development: The Sundance Kid's Unusual--and Unknown--Life in Canada," Western Outlaw-Lawman History Association Journal, vol. III, no. 3, Winter 1993 (Buck). Fills in the blanks in a previously unknown (to U.S. researchers) chapter in Sundance's life. Describes his employment breaking in horses for ranches and a railroad-construction company in Alberta; his stint as a saloon owner in Calgary; and his brush with the Canadian Mounties.

• "Skulduggery: Three Men and a Shovel," True West, December 1993, and Bolivian Times, September 1993 (Buck & Meadows). Unravels a double hoax perpetrated by William F. Hutchens, a mischief-making engineer who invented the tale of an expedition (supposedly led by Bolivian president René Barrientos) that exhumed graves in San Vicente and failed to find Butch and Sundance's bodies, and Kerry Ross Boren, an outlaw historian who confected documents to support the tale in an effort to prove that Butch and Sundance had not died in Bolivia.

• "Travel Bolivia's Outlaw Trail," Western Outlaw-Lawman History Association Newsletter, Fall 1993 (Buck & Meadows). Provides information about a new travel agency that takes tourists to several places that figured in the Bolivian chapter of the saga of Butch and Sundance.

• "Etta Place: A Most Wanted Woman," Western Outlaw-Lawman History Association Journal, vol. 3, no. 1, Spring-Summer 1993 (Buck & Meadows). Presents what little is known about the origins and fate of Sundance's wife (common-law or otherwise); discussess several women (including Ann Bassett, Janet Magor, and Betty Weaver) erroneously identified as Etta Place; and describes the stories told about her in Patagonia.

• "Grave Doubts," South American Explorer, June 1993 (Buck & Meadows). Reports the results of DNA testing of remains exhumed in San Vicente in 1991 by forensic anthropologist Clyde Snow, who concluded that the individual exhumed had had nothing to do with the 1908 shootout and was not Butch or Sundance.

• "Etta Place: Wild Bunch Mystery Lady," The English Westerners' Society Tally Sheet, Spring 1993 (Buck & Meadows). (Republication of "Etta Place: A Most Wanted Woman.")

• "Showdown at San Vicente," True West, February 1993 (Meadows & Buck). Drawing from the records of the Aramayo mining company (which lost an $80,000 payroll to two unidentified North American bandits in November 1908), the transcript of the judicial inquest into the deaths of the bandits during a shootout in San Vicente, and other contemporaneous sources, makes a strong--though circumstantial--case that the dead bandits were Butch and Sundance.

• "The Wild Bunch in South America," Western Outlaw-Lawman History Association Journal, Part I (vol.1, no. 1, Spring-Summer 1991), Part II (vol.1, no. 2, Fall-Winter 1991), Part III (vol. 1, no. 3, Winter-Spring 1992), and Part IV (vol. 2, no. 2 Fall 1992) (Buck & Meadows). Recounts the December 1905 holdup of the Banco de la Nación in Villa Mercedes de San Luis, Argentina, by Butch, Sundance, Etta, and an unidentified companion; the tenacious pursuit of the bandits by several posses; the sardonic newspaper coverage of the crime and the pursuit; and the bandits' escape across the border to Chile.

• "Butch Cassidy en Bolivia: Su Vida y Su Muerte," Opinión, Cochabamba, Bolivia, 6 February 1992 (Buck & Meadows). Hace un sumario de las actividades sudamericanas de Butch, Sundance, y Etta. Usando información de correspondencia diplomática iniciado por el vicecónsul americano Frank D. Aller en Antofagasta, Chile, presenta evidencia que un tiroteo ocurrió en San Vicente y que los bandoleros muertos fueron Butch y Sundance, según sus conocidos. (Spanish translation of "Running Down a Legend.")

• "Where Lies Butch Cassidy?" Old West, Fall 1991 (Buck & Meadows). Debunks the claims of William T. Phillips, a failed Spokane, Washington, businessman who pretended to be Butch Cassidy in the 1930s.

• "Running Down a Legend / En Busca de una Leyenda," Américas, vol. 42, no. 6, 1990-91 (Meadows & Buck). Provides an overview of the South American activities of Butch, Sundance, and Etta. Drawing from eighty-year-old diplomatic correspondence initiated by U.S. vice consul Frank D. Aller in Antofagasta, Chile, presents evidence that a shootout did occur in San Vicente and that the slain bandits were thought by acquaintances to have been Butch and Sundance. / Da un sumario de las actividades sudamericanas de Butch, Sundance, y Etta. Usando información de correspondencia diplomática iniciado por el vicecónsul americano Frank D. Aller en Antofagasta, Chile, presenta evidencia que un tiroteo ocurrió en San Vicente y que los bandoleros muertos fueron Butch y Sundance, según sus conocidos.

• "Muchas Cuentas y Pocos Datos," Feed Back, May 1988 (Buck & Meadows). Presenta unas versiones muy distinctas del asalto de el Banco de Tarapacá y Argentino Limitado en Río Gallegos, Argentina, en febrero 1905, un crimen atribuado a Butch y Sundance pero probablemente no cometido por ellos. (Spanish translation of "Wild Bunch Holdup in Argentina.")

• "The Aramayo Mule," South American Explorer, February 1988 (Buck & Meadows). Describes explorer Hiram Bingham's encounters with Scotsman James "Santiago" Hutcheon and other acquaintances of Butch and Sundance during a trip through southern Bolivia shortly after the shootout in San Vicente.

• "Wild Bunch Holdup in Argentina," National Association for Outlaw and Lawman History Quarterly, Winter 1987-88 (Buck & Meadows). Presents several wildly conflicting accounts of the February 1905 robbery of the Banco de Tarapacá y Argentino Limitado in Río Gallegos, Argentina, a crime attributed to Butch and Sundance but probably not committed by them.

• "The Many Deaths of Butch Cassidy," Pacific Northwest, July 1987 (Buck & Meadows). Compiles two dozen tales of Butch Cassidy's demise, which allegedly occurred under various circumstances between 1898 and the 1950s in places ranging from the United States, Mexico, and France to several South American countries. Also analyzes the flaws in the argument that William T. Phillips was Butch Cassidy.

• "Dear Editor:," The English Westerners' Society Tally Sheet, vol. 48, no. 3, Summer 2002 (Buck). Discusses bandits mentioned in the article "Fred Hans, the Bandit Hunter," and comments on a review of Last of the Bandit Riders...Revisited.

• "Dear Editor:," National Association for Outlaw and Lawman History Quarterly, July-September 2002 (Buck). Comments on a review of Last of the Bandit Riders...Revisited.

• "Dear Editor:," National Association for Outlaw and Lawman History Quarterly, January-March 2002 (Buck). Disputes the authenticity of a photo said to contain members of the Wild Bunch.

• "Even Mr. Magoo Couldn't Miss the Difference," Western Outlaw-Lawman History Association Journal, vol. X, no. 4, Winter 2002 (Buck). Responds to a letter concerning the article, "The History Channel vs. History."

• "Dear Editor:," National Association for Outlaw and Lawman History Quarterly, April-May 2001 (Buck). Comments on an article purporting to be the true story of Etta Place.

• "Dear Editor:," National Association for Outlaw and Lawman History Quarterly, April-May 2001 (Buck). Comments on a bogus photograph used in an article on Tom McCarty.

• "Lessons Learned From the World of Television and Critics," Los Angeles Times, 27 January 2001 (Buck). Comments on the History Channel's "Hollywood vs. History" episode on the movie Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid.

• "'Butch Cassidy Days' merely a celebration," Standard-Examiner (Ogden, UT), 13 November 2000 (Buck). Comments on an article about an event commemorating the 1900 holdup of a bank in Winnemucca, Nevada.

• "Letters to the Editor," Western Outlaw-Lawman History Association Journal, vol. IX, no. 1, Spring 2000 (Buck). Discusses the supposition that a turn-of-the-century photograph of a railroad crew depicts Butch Cassidy.

• "Truly Western: Finding Fouts," True West, March 2000 (Buck). Recalls assistance Craig Fouts gave to two fledgling researchers.

• "Ethel Out of Place?" Wild West, February 2000 (Buck). Refutes the assertion that an anonymous photograph depicts Ethel Place.

• "This Just In . . . ," Western Outlaw-Lawman History Association Saddle Bag Newsletter, vol. VIII, no. 3, Fall 1999 (Buck). Refutes the assertion that an anonymous photograph depicts Ethel Place.

• "Letters to the Editor," The English Westerners' Society Tally Sheet, vol. 46, no. 1, Autumn 1999 (Buck). Analyzes Butch Cassidy's family's views on his fate.

• "Butch Cassidy Theory Discredited," Telluride (Colorado) Daily Planet, 28 June 1999 (Buck). Refutes the assertion that William T. Phillips was Butch Cassidy.

• "Mr. Editor," Western Outlaw-Lawman History Association Journal, vol. VIII, no. 1, Spring 1999 (Buck). Critiques computer comparisons of photographs of women said to be Ethel Place.

• "Spare Change?" Preservation, March/April 1999 (Buck). Comments on a plan to solicit funds for the restoration of the cabin in Circleville, Utah, where Butch Cassidy grew up.

• "Letter Rip: A Train Robbery (Story) Turned Bad," Old West, Spring 1998 (Buck). Comments on a recent article about Ben Kilpatrick and Laura Bullion.

• "Letters to the Editor," Bolivian Times (La Paz, Bolivia), 17 December 1998 (Buck). Clarifies a statement in a recent story about whether Butch and Sundance were buried in the San Vicente cemetery.

• "More on the Outlaws of Bolivia," Bolivian Times (La Paz, Bolivia), 4 December 1997 (Buck). Discusses the controversy over whether Hollywood stole a Bolivian screenplay about outlaws.

• "Truly Western: Digging Up Harvey Logan," True West, March 1997 (Buck). Critiques the claim that Harvey Logan might have retired to the Bolivian jungle.

• "Truly Western: Mystery Outlaw Identified," True West, April 1996 (Buck & Meadows). Identifies Montana outlaw Andrew J. Duffy as the Patagonian thug known as "Dientes de Oro."

• "No Closer than Spokane Map Room," Western Outlaw-Lawman History Association Journal, vol. IV, no. 3, Winter-Spring 1995 (Buck & Meadows). Analyzes the portions of William T. Phillips's Bandit Invincible that relate to his alleged activities in Bolivia, his flight to Europe for plastic surgery, and his return to the United States. Concludes that his account is fiction.

• "Butch Cassidy et al.," New York Times, 6 November 1994 (Meadows). Comments on recent article entitled, "Magellan's Route in Tierra del Fuego."

• "A Kid Curry Blooper," Western Outlaw-Lawman History Association Journal, vol. IV, no. 2, Summer-Fall 1994 (Buck). Comments on Kid Curry's "Long Lost Knoxville Manuscript."

• "Helpful Rummaging," Western Outlaw-Lawman History Association Journal, vol. IV, no. 2, Summer-Fall 1994 (Buck). Thanks various individuals and institutions that assisted with "Surprising Development: The Sundance Kid's Unusual--and Unknown--Life in Canada."

• "Truly Western: Gnawing Questions," True West, April 1994 (Buck & Meadows). Provides answers to readers' questions following the publication of "Showdown at San Vicente."

• "San Vicente Correspondence," The English Westerners' Society Tally Sheet, vol. 40, no. 1, Autumn 1993 (Buck & Meadows). Comments on an article published in the Tally Sheet on the correspondence of Frank D. Aller.

• "Tintype Image Not Cassidy," San Antonio Express-News, 10 July 1993 (Buck). Refutes the claim that an anonymous tintype depicts Butch Cassidy.

• "About Butch / Sobre Butch," Lugares (Buenos Aires, Argentina), no. 13, 1993 (Buck). Comments on a recent article about Butch and Sundance in Argentina. Comenta sobre una nota reciente sobre Butch y Sundance en Argentina.

• "Did Etta Live Here?" Door County Advocate (Sturgeon Bay, Wisconsin), 30 January 1991 (Buck & Meadows). Solicits information about the possibility of Ethel Place's having lived in Door County.

• "Mule Never Know," South American Explorer, no. 17, May 1988 (Buck & Meadows). Corrects and clarifies "The Aramayo Mule."

• "More on Río Gallegos," National Association for Outlaw and Lawman History Quarterly, vol. XII, no. 4, Spring 1988 (Buck & Meadows). Provides additional information to follow up on "Wild Bunch Holdup in Argentina."

• "Information Sought on Frank D. Aller, E.M. '92," The Mines Magazine, October 1987 (Buck & Meadows). Requests information about a Colorado School of Mines alumnus who befriended the Sundance Kid in Chile.

• "First, Not Last," American Heritage, July-August 1987 (Buck & Meadows). Corrects the magazine's assertion that Harry Tracy was a member of the Wild Bunch.

• "Butch and Sundance," Unsolved History, documentary premiered on the Discovery Channel, August 15, 2004 (Buck, Meadows, et al.). Ballistic tests, forensic document examinations, plastic surgery analysis, interviews, and re-enactments shed light on events surrounding Butch and Sundance's deaths and debunk William T. Phillips's claim to have been Butch Cassidy.

• "Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid," Investigating History, documentary premiered on the History Channel, July 5, 2004 (Buck, Meadows, et al.). Hosted by Paul Hutton and produced and narrated by Bill Kurtis, features high-tech experiments, re-enactments, and interviews to unravel the mystery of the outlaws' deaths.

• "Butch Cassidy: Dead or Alive," Encounters with the Unexplained, documentary broadcast on PAX-TV, premiering in September 2001 (Buck, Meadows et al.). Examines Butch and Sundance's fate, along with UFOs and the Bermuda Triangle. Tilts in the direction that Butch and Sundance survived South America because a focus group determined that was the preferred result. Perhaps Butch and Sundance were rescued by a UFO.

• Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid: Outlaws out of Time, documentary program televised by History vs. Hollywood, The History Channel, 23 January 2001 (Buck, Meadows, et al.). Compared the film Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid with the actual bandits' lives.

• Butch and Sundance: The Lost Chapter, documentary produced by Teledu Elidir, Cardiff, Wales, and televised by S4C, 18 March 2000 (Buck, Meadows, et al.). Used historical photographs and re-enactments to depict the years Butch, Sundance, and Ethel spent in South America, with a focus on their time in Argentina.

• Gunfighters of the West: Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid, documentary program televised by The Learning Channel, 30 September 1999 (Buck et al.). Featured interviews and re-enactments in summarizing the lives of Butch and Sundance.

• "Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid," Out of the Past, interview televised by Channel 10, Fairfax, Virginia, May 1998 (Buck & Meadows). Provided a discussion of the differences between the Hollywood myths about Butch and Sundance and the real story of their lives.

• "On the Trail of Butch and Sundance," BBC Radio 4, program hosted by British author John Pilkington, 12 May 1998 (Buck, Meadows, et al.). Presented a mixture of history and adventure, featuring Pilkington's journey following in Butch and Sundance's footsteps through Bolivia.

• "Butch Cassidy y el Sundance Kid en la Patagonia," Cocinando con . . . , programa de televisión local en Bariloche, Río Negro, Argentina, enero 1996 (Buck, Meadows et al.). Presentó una conversación sobre Butch y Sundance en sudamérica.

• Wanted: Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid, documentary program televised by Nova (WGBH in Boston), and True Stories (Channel Four in London), 1993 (Buck, Meadows, et al.). Covered the exhumation of a grave in San Vicente, Bolivia, reputed to be that of Butch and Sundance, and the scientific analysis of the remains found in the grave.

• "Outlaw History," program segment aired on Nation's Business Today, ABC Radio, 10 April 1991 (Buck et al.). Discussed the phenomenon of research into the activities of bandits from the Old West.

• "What Ever Happened to Butch Cassidy?" program segment televised by Unsolved Mysteries, NBC, 13 February 1991 (Buck et al.). Provided evidence for and against the claim that William T. Phillips was Butch Cassidy.

• "Las mil y una muertes de Butch y Sundance," presentación al "Tercer simposio internacional sobre bandoleros norteamericanos en la Patagonia," Museo Isaac Fernández Blanco, Buenos Aires, 23 de noviembre 2005 (Buck y Meadows). Versión revisada de "Butch and Sundance: Still Dead?," la ponencia presentado al Simposio del Western Outlaw-Lawman History Association, realizado en Santa Fe, New Mexico, 18 Julio 2005. Resumió las docenas de cuentos, anécdotas y mitos sobre la muerte de Butch y Sundance en América del Norte, América del Sur y Europa.

• "Butch and Sundance: Still Dead?," lecture at Western Outlaw-Lawman History Association Shootout, Santa Fe, NM, July 18, 2005 (Buck & Meadows). Surveyed the many reports of Butch and Sundance's deaths on three continents from the 1890s through the 1960s.

• "On the Trail of Butch and Sundance," lecture at National Association for Outlaw and Lawman History and Western Outlaw-Lawman History Association International Congress on Outlaw and Lawman History, Sacramento, CA, July 27, 2002 (Buck). Discussed folkloric and true stories from Butch and Sundance's lives.

• "Butch y Sundance durmieron aquí," presentación al "Segundo simposio internacional sobre los bandoleros norteamericanos en la Patagonia," Trevelin, Chubut, Argentina, 15-18 septiembre 1999 (Buck y Meadows). Presentó una serie de diapositivas de imágenes históricas de las andanzas de Butch y Sundance en sudamérica.

• "Butch and Sundance in South America," presentation at the MountainFilm festival, Telluride, Colorado, 29 May 1999 (Buck & Meadows). Presented an overview of the South American experiences of Butch, Sundance, and Ethel.

• "What Really Happened to Butch and Sundance," lecture at the Smithsonian Institution, 12 May 1998 (Buck & Meadows). Presented an overview of the years Butch, Sundance, and Ethel spent in South America, including their attempt to go straight in Argentina, their return to outlawry, and their fates.

• "Butch y Sundance en Sudamérica," presentación al "Primer simposio internacional sobre las andanzas de los bandoleros norteamericanos en Argentina, Chile, y Bolivia," Esquel, Chubut, Argentina, 26-28 febrero 1997 (Buck y Meadows). Presentó un sumario de los ocho años que vivieron Butch y Sundance en sudamérica, con un foco en su último atraco y el tiroteo en San Vicente, Bolivia. Además, describió los cuentos sobre las muertes ficcionales de Butch y Sundance en lugares diversos del mundo.

• "What Ever Happened to Butch & Sundance?" symposium sponsored by the Western Outlaw-Lawman History Association, Craig, Colorado, 20 July 1996 (Buck, Meadows, et al.). Experts with conflicting views explored the controversy over whether Butch and Sundance died in San Vicente or returned to the United States. Debunked imposters Hiram BeBee and William T. Phillips.

• "Las Andanzas de Butch Cassidy y el Sundance Kid en la Patagonia," presentación pública patrocinado por El Centro Nacional Patagónico, Puerto Madryn, Chubut, Argentina, 24 enero 1996 (Buck, Meadows, et al.). Presentó un sumario de las acciones de Butch y Sundance en la Patagonia entre 1901 y 1905.

• "The Butch Cassidy Mystery Symposium," debate sponsored by the Wyoming Historical Society, Riverton, Wyoming, 10 September 1994 (Buck, Meadows, et al.). Presented contrasting views of whether Butch and Sundance returned to North America after the 1908 Bolivian shootout.

• "Butch and Sundance in South America," lecture and slide show at the National Association of Outlaw and Lawman History Rendezvous, Casper, Wyoming, 28 July 1994 (Buck & Meadows). Presented an overview of Butch and Sundance's years in South America, with a focus on the exhumation of the San Vicente, Bolivia, grave in which they were mistakenly reported to have been buried.

• "Digging Up Butch & Sundance," lecture and slide show at the Western Outlaw-Lawman History Association Convention, Deadwood, South Dakota, 23 July 1994 (Buck & Meadows). Focused on the exhumation of the San Vicente, Bolivia, grave in which Butch and Sundance were mistakenly said to have been buried.

• "Digging Up Butch & Sundance," lecture and slide show at The Westerners Potomac Corral, Washington, DC, 25 May 1994 (Buck & Meadows). Focused on the exhumation of the San Vicente, Bolivia, grave in which Butch and Sundance were mistakenly said to have been buried.

• "Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid in South America," lecture and slide show at the National Association of Outlaw & Lawman History Rendezvous, Vernal, Utah, 25 July 1992 (Buck & Meadows). Provided a look at the South American locations in the saga of Butch and Sundance and presented evidence that they died in Bolivia.

• "Butch and Sundance in South America," lecture and slide show at the Western Outlaw-Lawman History Association Conference, Denver, Colorado, 18 July 1992 (Buck & Meadows). Provided a look at the South American locations in the saga of Butch and Sundance and presented evidence that they died in Bolivia.

• "The Adventures of Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid in South America," lecture and slide show at the Western Outlaw-Lawman History Association Convention, Denver, Colorado, 3 August 1991 (Buck). Presented an overview of Butch and Sundance's South American activities.

• "Butch Cassidy in South America," lecture and slide show at Butch Cassidy Days, Telluride, Colorado, 1 July 1989 (Buck & Meadows). Presented an overview of the South American activities of Butch Cassidy, as well as a summary of the 1889 holdup of the San Miguel Valley Bank, his first robbery.

• "Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid in South America," lecture and slide show aboard the SS Stella Solaris, during a cruise from Valparaíso, Chile, to Buenos Aires, Argentina, via the Strait of Magellan, February-March 1989 (Buck & Meadows). Provided an overview of Butch and Sundance's years in South America.

• "Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid Are Dead, Dead, Dead--Maybe," lecture and slide show at The Westerners Potomac Corral, Washington, DC, 16 November 1988 (Buck & Meadows). Presented an overview of Butch and Sundance's South American activities and the evidence for and against their having survived the 1908 Bolivian shootout.

• "Butch & Sundance's Patagonian Refuge," Lonely Planet Argentina, 2005 (Buck & Meadows). Summarizes Butch and Sundance's years ranching in the Cholila Valley in Chubut.

• "Butch and Sundance," Footprint Backpackers' Patagonia, 2005 (Meadows). Summarizes the outlaws' experiences in South America. Adapted from Digging Up Butch & Sundance (1996).

• "Butch and Sundance," Footprint Argentina, 2004 (Meadows). Summarizes the outlaws' time in South America. Adapted from Digging Up Butch & Sundance (1996).

• "The Last Days of Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid," Lonely Planet Bolivia, 1996, 2001, 2004 (Buck & Meadows). Summarizes the events surrounding the outlaws' deaths in southern Bolivia in November 1908.

• "A Tale of Two Outlaws," Footprint Bolivia, 1997, 2000, 2002 (Buck & Meadows). Summarizes the outlaws' years in Bolivia, with particular attention to the events leading up to their deaths in San Vicente in November 1908. Adapted from "The Last Days of Butch Cassidy & the Sundance Kid," Wild West, February 1997.

• "Robert LeRoy Parker (Butch Cassidy)," Diccionario Histórico de Bolivia, Dr. Josep M. Barnadas, editor, Sucre, Bolivia 2002 (Buck & Meadows). Da un ensayo biográfico sobre Butch y Sundance en Bolivia. (Nota: la afirmación de que el guión de la película de 1969 "aprovechó fraudulentamente un guión elaborado en los años 50" por dos Bolivianos no es la verdad, y además no lo escribieron Buck y Meadows. Se puso un editor del DHB sin el conocimiento de Buck y Meadows.)

• "Last of the Bandit Riders ... Revisited," National Association for Outlaw and Lawman History Quarterly, April-May 2001 (Buck). Reviews Last of the Bandit Riders ... Revisited, by Matt Warner as told to Murray E. King and revised by Joyce Warner and Dr. Steve Lacy.

• "Butch Cassidy & The Sundance Kid," The Mythical West: An Encyclopedia of Legend, Lore, and Popular Culture, by Richard W. Slatta (ABC-CLIO: 2001) (Meadows & Buck). Summarizes Butch and Sundance's history and describes how the myths about them have evolved.

• "Prólogo," Buscados en la Patagonia: Butch, Sundance, Ethel, Wilson y Evans, por Marcelo Gavirati (La Bitácora: Buenos Aires 1999) (Buck y Meadows). Describe la contribución de Gavirati como investigador de bandoleros norteamericanos en la Patagonia.

• "Outlaw History Conference in Argentina," Western Outlaw-Lawman History Association Saddle Bag Newletter, vol. VIII, no. 4, Winter 1999 (Buck & Meadows). Reports on the Second International Symposium on Outlaws in Patagonia, which was held in Trevelin, Chubut, Argentina, in September 1999.

• "Encyclopedic Ignorance," National Association for Outlaw and Lawman History Quarterly, vol. XIII, no. 2, April-June 1999 (Buck). Reviews the Wild Bunch entries in three recently published encyclopedias about the West and finds them sorely lacking.

• "News from Dan Buck and Anne Meadows," National Association for Outlaw and Lawman History Newsletter, vol. XXII, nos. 3-4, 15 August 1997 (Buck & Meadows). Reports on the First International Symposium on North American Outlaws in Argentina, Chile, and Bolivia, which was held in Esquel, Chubut, Argentina, in February 1997.

• "Introduction," The Outlaw Trail: A History of Butch Cassidy and His Wild Bunch, by Charles Kelly (Bison Books: Lincoln, 1996) (Buck & Meadows). Describes Kelly's life and work and evaluates his contribution to outlaw history.

• "Travel Bolivia's Outlaw Trail," South American Explorer, no. 43, Spring 1996 (Buck). Describes Tupiza Tours' itinerary to southern Bolivian sites where Butch and Sundance spent their final days.

• "Review of the West," Western Outlaw-Lawman History Association Journal, vol. IV, no. 4, Summer 1995 (Buck). Reviews Butch Cassidy and the Wild Bunch: Asalto al Banco Nación en Villa Mercedes, by Ricardo A. Gutiérrez and Hugo A. Moreno.

• "Reviews: Butch Books," True West, May 1994 (Buck). Reviews The Wild Bunch: A Selected Critical Annotated Bibliography of the Literature, by F. Bruce Lamb.

• "Talking with Daniel Buck," RPCV Writers and Readers, September 1992. Interview by John Coyne, discussing interest in South America and Butch and Sundance's life there.

Digging Up Butch and Sundance can be obtained at your local bookstore, borrowed from your local library, or ordered from several sources. Copies of the articles can be obtained from the magazines in which they were published, from your local library, or from the following sources:

• The Denver Public Library, Western History Division, 10 West Fourteenth Avenue Parkway, Denver, CO 80204 (telephone: 720-865-1821);

• The Magazine House, P.O. Box 36, Pine, OR 97739 (telephone: 541-536-5227);

• The Utah State Historical Society, 300 South Rio Grande, Salt Lake City, UT 84101-1143 (telephone: 801-533-3500); or

• Outlaw Trail History Center, 155 East Main Street, Vernal, UT (telephone: 800-388-4538).

Back issues of True West and Old West can be ordered from True West Publishing, P.O. Box 8008, Cave Creek, AZ 85327 (telephone: 888-687-1881). Back issues of Wild West can be ordered from 741 Miller Drive SE, Suite D-2, Leesburg, VA 20175 (telephone: 703-771-9400). Back issues of South American Explorer can be ordered from 126 1ndian Creek Road, Ithaca, NY 14850 (telephone: 607-277-0488).

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