The town is situated on the east coast of Scotland in the Kingdom of Fife.

Kirkcaldy has ancient origins. The oldest record is in 596 AD. Kirkcaldy was situated on the southern frontier of Pictish lands and the 'Battle of Raith' was where the Angles fought, and won, over King Aidan's Scots, Picts and Britons. Raith is a large estate in the town.
Kirkcaldy is also known as 'The Lang Toun' due to its long seafront.